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hit parade
A hit parade is a ranked list of the most popular recordings at a given point in time, usually determined by sales and/or airplay. The term originated in the 1930s; ''Billboard'' magazine published its first music hit parade on January 4, 1936. It has also been used by broadcast programs which featured hit (sheet music and record) tunes such as ''Your Hit Parade'', which aired on radio and television in the United States from 1935 through the 1950s.〔Dunning, 1998, p.738〕
==Early history==
Hit tunes were originally published in sheet music format, so many artists were encouraged to introduce or promote the tune in different styles, formats or areas of popularity. Up through the late 1940s, the term ''hit parade'' referred to a list of compositions, not a list of records. In those times, when a tune became a hit, it was typically recorded by several different artists. Each record company often promoted its own product through the airtime it purchased on commercial stations, as in Europe's Radio Luxembourg. Most non-commercial stations, like the BBC, were required by national regulations to promote local talent, and were also limited in the amount of ''needle time'' given to recorded popular music.
In later years, a re-recording of a tune originally introduced or popularised by a certain artist was called ''covering'' a song. In the US, regardless of copyright, covers were an automatic option – since the Copyright Act of 1909 – enabled by compulsory mechanical licenses.〔(copyright.gov, Section 115 )〕〔(copyright.gov, since 1909 )〕 Covers were often rejected by fans of the particular artists because it produced unfair competition to their favourite version. Covering a tune was, therefore, not offering an alternative rendition, but of producing a copy as a direct alternative to compete for airtime, sales and placement on the hit parade charts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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